Routine Laboratory

Hematology Panel Breakdown

Complete Blood Count (CBC)

A routine blood test used to evaluate overall health and detect infections, anemia, inflammation, and blood disorders.

Includes:

• White Blood Cells (WBC) – Helps assess infection, inflammation, and immune function.

• Red Blood Cells (RBC) – Carries oxygen throughout the body.

• Hemoglobin (Hgb) – Oxygen-carrying protein found in red blood cells.

• Hematocrit (Hct) – Percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells.

• Platelets – Essential for blood clotting and bleeding control.

WBC Differential

Measures the different types of white blood cells to help identify infections, allergies, inflammation, or hematologic conditions.

Includes:

• Neutrophils – First-line defense against bacterial infections.

• Lymphocytes – Important for viral immunity and antibody production.

• Monocytes – Helps remove damaged cells and fight chronic infections.

• Eosinophils – Commonly elevated in allergies and parasitic infections.

• Basophils – Associated with allergic and inflammatory responses.

Peripheral Blood Smear
(Performed when indicated)
Microscopic evaluation of blood cell morphology used to assess abnormalities in red cells, white cells, and platelets, aiding in the diagnosis of anemia, infections, leukemias, and other hematologic disorders.

Chemistry Panel Breakdown

Liver Function Tests (LFTs) & Enzymes

• ALT (SGPT) – Alanine Aminotransferase; primarily used to detect liver injury.

• AST (SGOT) – Aspartate Aminotransferase; may indicate liver, heart, or muscle damage.

• ALP – Alkaline Phosphatase; elevated in liver or bone disorders.

• Bilirubin – Includes Total, Direct, and Indirect bilirubin; reflects liver processing and red blood cell breakdown.

• Total Protein & Albumin – Assesses liver synthetic function and nutritional status.

Renal (Kidney) Function & Waste Products

• BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) – Evaluates kidney function and hydration status.

• Uric Acid – Helps assess gout and kidney-related conditions.

• Creatinine – Commonly paired with BUN to estimate kidney filtration function (eGFR).

Electrolytes

• Sodium (Na⁺) – Important for fluid balance, nerve transmission, and muscle function.

• Potassium (K⁺) – Essential for cardiac rhythm, muscle contraction, and nerve signaling.

• Chloride (Cl⁻) – Helps maintain acid-base balance and blood pressure.

• Calcium (Ca²⁺) – Measures total serum calcium (bound and unbound).

• Ionized Calcium – Measures the biologically active free calcium in blood.

Lipid Panel (Cardiovascular Risk)

• Total Cholesterol – Measures overall cholesterol level.

• HDL Cholesterol – High-Density Lipoprotein; considered “good” cholesterol.

• LDL Cholesterol – Low-Density Lipoprotein; considered “bad” cholesterol.

• Triglycerides – Type of fat in the bloodstream associated with metabolic and cardiovascular risk.

Immunology / Serology Panel

• Dengue Combo Test – Detects Dengue NS1 antigen and/or IgG/IgM antibodies for early and late dengue infection assessment.

• H. pylori Antibody – Detects antibodies associated with Helicobacter pylori infection, commonly linked to gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.

• hs-CRP (High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein) – Measures low levels of inflammation and helps assess cardiovascular risk.

• Rheumatoid Factor (RF) – Used in the evaluation of rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmune disorders.

• Syphilis Test – Screening test for Treponema pallidum infection.

• HIV Test – Screening for Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection.

• Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) – Qualitative – Detects active Hepatitis B infection.

• Anti-HBs – Quantitative – Measures immunity or antibody response against Hepatitis B virus.

Urinalysis

A routine test used to evaluate kidney function, urinary tract health, hydration status, and metabolic conditions.

Includes assessment of:

• Physical characteristics (color, clarity, specific gravity)

• Chemical parameters (pH, protein, glucose, ketones, blood, etc.)

• Microscopic examination (RBCs, WBCs, bacteria, crystals, casts, and epithelial cells)

Fecalysis

A stool examination used to help detect gastrointestinal infections, parasitic infestations, inflammation, and digestive abnormalities.

Includes assessment of:

• Physical appearance and consistency

• Presence of blood or mucus

• Microscopic examination for parasites, ova, bacteria, white blood cells, and other abnormal findings.

Hormone Panel

• Cortisol – Assesses adrenal gland function and stress hormone levels.

• Estrogen – Important in reproductive health, menstrual function, and hormonal balance.

• Progesterone – Evaluates ovulation, fertility, and pregnancy-related hormonal status.

• Testosterone – Assesses androgen levels in both males and females.

• FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone) – Evaluates reproductive and pituitary function.

• FT3 (Free T3) – Measures active triiodothyronine hormone levels.

• FT4 (Free T4) – Measures free thyroxine hormone levels for thyroid assessment.

• TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone) – Primary screening test for thyroid function.

• T3 & T4 – Total thyroid hormone measurements used in thyroid evaluation.

• Vitamin D – Assesses vitamin D status important for bone health and immune function.

Tumor Marker Panel

• Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) – Commonly used in the evaluation and monitoring of liver cancer and certain germ cell tumors.

• Beta hCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin) – Tumor marker used for certain testicular, ovarian, and trophoblastic tumors.

• CA 125 – Primarily associated with ovarian cancer monitoring and evaluation.

• CA 15-3 – Used mainly in monitoring breast cancer.

• CA 19-9 – Associated with pancreatic and gastrointestinal malignancies.

• CEA (Carcinoembryonic Antigen) – Tumor marker commonly used in colorectal and other cancers for monitoring treatment response and recurrence.

• PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) – Used in screening and monitoring prostate conditions, including prostate cancer.